Pesticide Residues in Aquatic Invertebrates - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 319

11
Pesticide R esidues in Aquatic Invertebrates
Sarun Keithmaleesatti, Wattasit Siriwong, Marija Borjan,
Kristen Bartlett, and Mark Robson
CONTENTS
11.1 History of Pesticide............................................................................................................ 321
11.1.1 Pesticide Exposure in the Aquatic Invertebrate Food Web ............................. 321
11.1.2 Dose Response (Acute and Chronic)................................................................... 323
11.1.3 Pesticides in Aquatic Ecosystem.......................................................................... 323
11.2 Effect of Pesticides on Aquatic Invertebrates................................................................. 323
11.2.1 Effect of Pesticides on the Phylum Rotifera ....................................................... 323
11.2.1.1 Effects of Organochlorine on Rotifers ................................................. 324
11.2.1.2 Effects of Organophosphorus on Rotifers ........................................... 324
11.2.2 Effect of Pesticides on Phylum Mollusca............................................................ 324
11.2.2.1 Effect of Organochlorine on Mollusks................................................. 324
11.2.2.2 Effect of Organophosphate on Mollusks ............................................. 325
11.2.2.3 Effect of Carbamate on Mollusks.......................................................... 325
11.2.2.4 Effect of Pyrethroid on Mollusks.......................................................... 325
11.2.3 Effect of Pesticides on Phylum Arthropoda....................................................... 326
11.2.3.1 Effect of OCP on Arthropods................................................................ 326
11.2.3.2 Effect of OPPs on Arthropods............................................................... 326
11.2.3.3 Effect of Carbamate Pesticides on Arthropods .................................. 327
11.2.3.4 Effect of Pyrethroid on Arthropods..................................................... 328
11.3 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 329
Acknowledgment........................................................................................................................ 332
References..................................................................................................................................... 332
Aquatic invertebrates are defined as invertebrate animals that depend on aquatic ecosystems
or moist environments for at least a portion of their lifecycle. Occasionally, taxonomists
also include the semiaquatic invertebrates, which inhabit shores and vegetation surround-
ing aquatic environments. Habitats for aquatic invertebrates include wetlands, lakes,
streams, rivers, oceans, and other waters (Pechenik 1996). The term aquatic invertebrate
refers to swimming nekton, floating plankton, bottom-dwelling benthos, and surface-
dwelling neuston. Aquatic invertebrates are diverse species that range widely in size, habi-
tat, behavior, characteristics, food preference, and evolutionary relationships. In the food
web, aquatic invertebrates are often divided into herbivores, detritivores, carnivores, and
parasites. However, many scientists classify aquatic organisms based on feeding method
(shredders, grazers, and suspension feeders) rather than food type. For the purpose of this
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