Pesticide Residues in Surface Water and Groundwater - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 271

TABLE 9.4 (Continued)
Concentration of Pesticides Found in Surface Water and Groundwater

Concentration
(ng/L) Pesticide Matrix References

380
3200

Atrazine
Metolachlor

Groundwater (United
States)

Kolpin et al. (2004)

253
127
716
11
25
279

Atrazine
Simazine
Terbutylazine
Bentazone
Propazine
Diuron

Groundwater (Europe) Loos et al. (2010)

1-12

Endosulfan Groundwater (Morocco) El Bakouri et al. (2008)

Atrazine
Metolachlor
Alachlor

The most
commonly
detected

Groundwater (United
States)

Tesoriero et al. (2007)

160-1550
180-1500

Chloroturon
Atrazine

Surface water and
groundwater (Spain)

Carabias-Martínez
et al. (2003)

520
370
370
570

Simazine
Carbendazim
Diuron
Bromacil

Surface water and
groundwater (Spain)

Marín et al. (2006)

30-280
10-140

Atrazine
Simazine

Surface water and
groundwater (Spain)

Hildebrandt et al.
(2008)

56-73
27-132
56

Atrazine
Terbuthylazine
Diuron

Surface water and
groundwater (Portugal)

Carvalho et al. (2008)

2273
918
1233

Carbendazim
Simazine
Diuron

Surface water and
groundwater (Spain)

Belmonte Vega et al.
(2005)

Carbendazim
Dimethoate
Carbofuran
Propazine

8-22
23
25
6-18

Surface water and
groundwater (Serbia)

Dujaković et al. (2010)

the most widely used herbicides in agriculture today (Barbash et al. 2001). These pesticides
have received particular attention in the recent years because of their toxicity and pos-
sible carcinogenic properties and considerable time required for their removal from the
environment. Diuron, as phenylurea pesticide, was among the most frequently detected
pesticides in surface water. As for groundwater, atrazine, simazine, and diuron were the
most commonly detected pesticides due to their moderate sorption to soil and relatively
high persistence. These compounds were found at levels below the EU limits in European
surface waters. Concentrations of these pesticides in European groundwater ( Table 9.4 )
were sometimes above the maximum of 0.1 μg/L for individual pesticides. The residues of
carbendazim, a benzimidazole fungicide with an extensive and widespread use in agri-
culture on fruit, sunflower, sugar beet, and wheat, were reported in several surface water
and groundwater studies (Dujaković et al. 2010). Bentazone, an acidic pesticide used for
weed control in rice crops in Europe (Kuster et al. 2008), was also reported in a few stud-
ies. Additionally, the most frequently detected pesticides (simazine, atrazine, and diuron)
and the occasionally detected ones (isoproturon and endosulfan) are considered priority