Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 9.3
Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Pesticides Set by Directive 2008/105/EC
AA-EQS
Inland
Surface
Waters
(
μ
g/L)
AA-EQS
Other
Surface
Waters
(
μ
g/L)
MAC-EQS
Inland
Surface
Waters
(
μ
g/L)
MAC-EQS
Other
Surface
Waters
(
μ
g/L)
Pesticide
Chemical Class
Activity
Alachlor
Chloroacetanilide
Herbicide
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.7
Atrazine
Triazine
Herbicide
0.6
0.6
2.0
2.0
Chlorfenvinphos
Organophosphorus
Insecticide,
acaricide
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
Chlorpyrifos
Organophosphorus
Insecticide,
acaricide
0.03
0.03
0.1
0.1
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
Isodrin
Cyclodiene
Σ = 0.01
Σ = 0.005
n.a.
n.a.
DDT total
para-para-DDT
Organochlorine
Insecticide,
acaricide
0.025
0.01
0.025
0.01
n.a.
n.a.
Diuron
Phenylurea
Herbicide
0.2
0.2
1.8
1.8
Endosulfan
Organochlorine
Insecticide,
acaricide
0.005
0.0005
0.001
0.004
Isoproturon Phenylurea Herbicide 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0
Simazine Triazine Herbicide 1 1 4 4
Trifluralin Dinitroaniline Herbicide 0.03 0.03 n.a. n.a.
Source:
Council of the European Union. 2008. Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 16 December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending
and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC,
86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Off. J. Eur. Union
L348: 84-97.
AA, annual average; MAC, maximum allowable concentration; n.a., not applicable.
a number of pesticides (Table 9.3). Awareness of aquifers' vulnerability caused the adop-
tion of Directive 2006/118/EC (Council of the European Union 2006), on the protection of
groundwater against pollution and deterioration. This legislation has set a maximum of
0.1 μg/L for individual pesticides and 0.5 μg/L for total pesticides, including the active
substances and their relevant metabolites and degradation and reaction products. These
limits coincide with those required by Directive 98/83/EC (Council of the European Union
1998). Restrictive legislations from the EU, concerning the permitted level of pesticide resi-
dues in waters, induced the development of novel analytical techniques and the improve-
ment of existing ones, so that the largest possible number of compounds at low levels can
be determined in small-volume samples. Which methodology is the most suitable in a
given context depends on the type and the complexity of the matrix and on the chemical
structure of the target pesticides (Tankiewicz et al. 2010).
In 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) enacted and the
US Congress ratified the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, commonly referred to as
the Clean Water Act, which focused attention to preventing point and nonpoint pollution
sources, including pesticides. This Act was amended several times, the last time being in
1987 (US EPA 1987). Another federal law related to pesticides is the Safe Drinking Water
Act, initiated in 1974 and amended in 1986 and 1996 (US EPA 1996).
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