Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
With respect to pesticides transported in the particulate phase, on the lower troposphere,
they will have LRT capability if the sizes of their aerosol particles are below 1 μm. Because
larger-sized particles sediment, they have only a short-range transport capability.
In the case of pesticides in the gas phase, the potential for their long- or short-range
transport will depend on their lifetimes, as described in the section Degradation in Air
and calculable from
Table 7.1
.
An illustrative example of the transport potential of the pesticides in the gas phase is
shown (see Figure 7.2).
For this example, we used the mesoscale meteorological model, Regional Atmospheric
Modeling System (RAMS version 6.0; Pielke et al. 1992), coupled to the RAMS HYbrid
Particle and Concentration Transport model (HYPACT version 1.5.0; Tremback et al. 1993).
The RAMS model is quite flexible and includes different options for parameterizing the
physical processes. In this study, a previously checked and validated configuration for the
Mediterranean region was employed (Palau et al. 2005; Pérez-Landa et al. 2007).
52N
52N
50N
48N
46N
44N
42N
40N
38N
36N
34N
32N
30N
28N
50N
48N
46N
44N
42N
40N
38N
36N
34N
32N
30N
28N
15W 10W 5W
0
5E
10E
15E
15W
10W
5W
0
5E
10E
15E
(a)
(b)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
41.5N
44N
43N
42N
41N
40N
39N
38N
37N
36N
35N
34N
33N
41N
40.5N
40N
39.5N
39N
38.5N
38N
37.5N
10W 8W
6W 4W 2W 0
2E
4E
6E
8E
3W
2.5W 2W 1.5W 1W 0.5W 0
0.5E 1E 1.5E 2E
(c)
(d)
0.5 1
2
4
6
8
10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
0.5
1
2
4
6
8
10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
FIGURE 7.2
Illustrative example of potential transport of pesticides in Western European and North African areas, consid-
ering only 4 points of emission over the period 19-22 May 2009. (a) Three two-way nested domains centered
over the Valencia region. (b) Long-range transport of pesticides with lifetime >2 days. (c) Short- and medium-
range transport of pesticides with lifetimes <8 and <2 h through the Iberian Peninsula. (d) Short- and medium-
range transport of pesticides with lifetimes <8 and <2 h through the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search