Pesticide Residues in the Environment - Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution - page 147

6

Pesticide R esidues in the Environment

Tomasz Tuzimski

CONTENTS
6.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 148

6.2 TheConceptofDegradationandFragmentationofPesticides................................... 148

6.3 FactorsInluencingResidualCharacteristics................................................................. 148

6.4 DegradationofPesticidesbyMicroorganismsandSoil.............................................. 151

6.4.1

OrganochlorineInsecticides................................................................................ 155

6.4.2 OrganophosphateInsecticides............................................................................. 164

6.4.3 CarbamatePesticides............................................................................................. 170

6.4.4 Herbicides............................................................................................................... 171

6.4.4.1 ChlorotriazineHerbicides..................................................................... 171

6.4.4.2 TriazinoneHerbicides............................................................................ 173

6.4.4.3 PhenylureaHerbicides........................................................................... 174

6.4.4.4 PhenoxyaceticHerbicides...................................................................... 177

6.4.4.5 OrganophosphorusHerbicides............................................................. 178

6.4.4.6 ChloroacetanilideHerbicides................................................................ 178

6.4.4.7 NitrileHerbicides.................................................................................... 178

6.4.4.8 QuaternaryAmmoniumHerbicides.................................................... 179

6.4.5 Others...................................................................................................................... 179

6.5 DegradationofPesticidesbySunlight............................................................................ 180

6.5.1 OrganochlorineInsecticides................................................................................ 182

6.5.2 OrganophosphateInsecticides............................................................................. 186

6.5.3 CarbamatePesticides............................................................................................. 190

6.5.4 Herbicides............................................................................................................... 190

6.5.4.1 ChlorotriazineHerbicides..................................................................... 190

6.5.4.2 PhenylureaHerbicides........................................................................... 191

6.5.4.3 PhenoxypropionicHerbicides............................................................... 191

6.5.4.4 DinitroanilineandNitrileHerbicides.................................................. 192

6.5.4.5 PyridazinoneandNitrophenylEtherHerbicides............................... 192

6.5.4.6 PyridineHerbicides................................................................................ 192

6.5.5 Others...................................................................................................................... 192

6.6 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 192

References..................................................................................................................................... 193

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