Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
steeply after deregulation of the wellhead price and are expected to continue to rise. Natural gas
has been the preferred fuel for new electric power generating plants constructed in the United
States for many years and is expected to continue to be so. It is used increasingly in municipal
bus and other vehicle fleets nationwide as a cleaner alternative to diesel fuel or gasoline, and its
potential for greater use in transportation is great.
The national security costs of utilizing natural gas are “moderate” due to its availability as
a domestic resource or one available from neighboring Canada via pipeline. Although supply
interruptions by terrorist action are conceivable, none have yet occurred in the United States and
would require sophisticated planning and operations to implement. Moreover, it would require
considerable coordination of effort to effect a supply interruption of more than local significance,
in the absence of LNG supertanker ports.
REFERENCES
American Petroleum Institute (API). 1978. Primer of Oil and Gas Production . Dallas: American Petroleum
Institute.
Barton, Barry, Catherine Redgwell, Anita Ronne, and Donald N. Zillman. 2004. Energy Security: Managing
Risk in a Dynamic Legal and Regulatory Environment . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Briggs, K.T., S.H. Yoshida, and M.E. Gershwin. 1996. “The Influence of Petrochemicals and Stress on the
Immune System of Seabirds.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 20: 145-155.
Brooks, J.M, B.B. Bernard, and A.J. Phillips. 1977. “Input of Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrocarbons from
Petroleum Operations into the Gulf of Mexico.” In Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms , ed. D.A. Wolfe, 373-384. New York: Pergamon Press.
Burdeau, Cain. 2010. “Scientists Find Damage to Coral Near BP Well.” Associated Press. 6 November. http://
phys.org/news/2010-11-scientists-coral-bp.html.
California Energy Commission. 2003. Liquified Natural Gas in California: History, Risks, and Siting . Staff
White Paper, July. www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2003-07-17_700-03-005.PDF.
Canadian Oil Sands Trust. 2007. “Canadian Oil Sands Provides 2008 Budget.” News release, December 14.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080216235949/http:/www.cos-trust.com/news/news12140701.aspx.
Capuzzo, J.M. 1987. “Biological Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons: Assessments from Experimental Re-
sults.” In Long-Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development , ed. Donald F. Boesch
and Nancy N. Rabalais, 343-410. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
Capuzzo, J.M., M.N. Moore, and J. Widdows. 1988. “Effects of Toxic Chemicals in the Marine Environment:
Predictions of Impacts from Laboratory Studies.” Aquatic Toxicology 11: 303-311.
Cart, Julie. 2009. “The Writing on the Wall; Drought, Fire, Killer Heat and Suicides—Scientists Say Climate
Change Fears Have Become Reality in Australia.” Los Angeles Times , April 9.
Casselman, Ben. 2009. “Wastewater Disposal Well May Have Caused Texas Earthquakes.” Wall Street
Journal , August 13. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125020088034530363.html.
Collins, A.G. 1975. Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters . New York: Elsevier Scientific.
Cornell University Global Labor Institute. 2011. Pipe Dreams? Jobs Gained, Jobs Lost by the Construction
of Keystone XL . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations.
Davis, David H. 1993. Energy Politics , 4th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Dean, T.A., J.L. Bodkin, S.C. Jewett, D.H. Monson, and D. Jung. 2000. “Changes in Sea Urchins and Kelp
Following a Reduction in Sea Otter Density as a Result of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.” Marine Ecology
Progress Series 199: 281-291.
Dicks, B.M. 1982. “Monitoring the Biological Effects of North Sea Platforms.” Marine Pollution Bulletin
13: 221-227.
Duke, N.C., Z.S. Pinzon, and M.C. Prada. 1997. “Large-Scale Damage to Mangrove Forests Following Two
Large Oil Spills in Panama.” Biotropica 29: 2-14.
Dyer, Simon, and Terra Simieritsch. 2010. “Will Oil Trump Nature in Canada?” Wildlife Professional 4
(Spring): 58-61.
Elmgren, R., S. Hanson, U. Larson, B. Sundelin, and P.D. Boehm. 1983. “The Tsesis: Acute and Long-term
Impact on the Benthos.” Marine Biology 73: 51-65.
 
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search