Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
with the selection of risk management options, provided the risk identified is con-
sidered unacceptable.
16.5.3
Pest Risk Management
This part of the analysis identifies measures to prevent entry, establishment or spread
of the pest. It explores options that can be implemented: (1) at origin or in the export-
ing country, (2) at the point of entry or (3) within the importing country or invaded
area. The options are structured so that, as far as possible, the least stringent options
are considered before the most expensive/disruptive ones, and are consistent with the
SPS-Agreement and Plant Health principles (described in ISPM no. 1).
The methods whereby risk management options are selected for invasive alien
plants differ according to whether the introduction is intentional or unintentional,
whether the organism is absent or already present in the PRA area and the type of
entry pathway. Different measures will apply for these different categories.
If the invasive alien plant is to be intentionally imported, the possible measures
will generally be either to prohibit import (e.g. in the case of
Pueraria lobata
) or to
take action only within the importing country. An EPPO Standard PM/3 67 on
Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien
plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported
has been
adopted in 2006 (http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-
2338.2006.01031.x. Accessed on 1 February 2008). These measures can be used
either nationally or within specified endangered areas and include the following:
■
Publicity (existing regulations and lists of invasive or potentially invasive plants,
information about threats and pathways should be publicized to raise awareness
among all the persons concerned, e.g. horticultural industry, botanical gardens,
gardeners)
■
Labelling or marking of plants explaining the risks and appropriate actions/uses
■
Surveillance
■
Control plan
■
Restrictions or codes of conduct on sale
■
Restrictions or codes of conduct on holding
■
Restrictions or codes of conduct on movement (e.g. prevention of movement to
specified areas)
■
Restrictions or codes of conduct for importers (including notification before
import, limitation of quantities)
■
Import restricted to specified non-invasive cultivars or clones
■
Restrictions or code of conduct on planting (including authorization to plant in
intended habitats, prohibition of planting in unintended habitats, required grow-
ing conditions for plants).
If the invasive alien plant is likely to be unintentionally introduced as a contami-
nant, classical plant health measures are appropriate, including prohibition of
