Semantic Analytics and Ontologies - Data Governance: Creating Value from Information Assets - page 100

• Attribute: Most concepts, when seen from certain aspects, have cer-
tain characteristics. For example, when one considers the concept
of a [Human], it has certain characteristics, such as [sex] and [birth
date], that are innate. These characteristics are known as base con-
cepts and attributes. Frequently in this section, when C has attributes
(R, D) against the relation R, R is known as a (C, D) attribute relation.
Axioms
Here, axiom refers to the conditioning constraints for the definitions of
concepts and properties.
Ontology is an expression of knowledge, and the most important parts
of ontology are concepts. Through properties and axioms, it is said that the
meaning of these concepts (details) is defined. Commonly, while defining
something, it is important to provide an example. Here, instances serve as
an example of concepts.
The above is an explanation of ontological parts. Ontology is frequently
described using graphs. In these cases, a graph's nodes represent the con-
cepts, and the graph's edges represent the properties (for the relation).
Furthermore, ontology is composed of concepts, properties, and axioms,
while instances are examples of ontology. Hence, in this discourse, often
instances are provided as ontology examples and are considered different
f from ontolog y.
Representation of Linguistic Vocabulary on a Semantic Web
The World Wide Web was developed as a framework for actualizing the
creation, sharing, and management of knowledge through the Internet.
Through the association of hypermedia documents, the Web has provided
a series of foundations for the integrated management of decentralized
information ([W3C, 2012] and [Berners-Lee and Cailliau, 1990]). In a
semantic web, the system will interpret the information in the hyper-
media documents, and such a framework can make possible the collabo-
ration and the joint manipulation of information between humans and a
computer system (cf. [W3C, 2012]). In order to achieve the integration of
knowledge on the basis of a semantic web, it is necessary to decide upon a
framework for compiling the vocabulary to be used as part of this infor-
mation. In this section, we will provide short descriptions of RDF, RDFS,