Semantic Analytics and Ontologies - Data Governance: Creating Value from Information Assets - page 98

to concepts, is necessary in dealing with semantic relations between key-
words. Furthermore, it then may be necessary to clarify concepts that
have not been clarified or have not gained a common consensus, such as
“patient notation information” and “medical acts.” On the other hand,
it also would be necessary to decide what aspects of the established con-
cepts of illnesses, drugs, etc., to systematize and in how much detail, etc.
In the next section, we will discuss what is built through ontologies
for such creation, sharing, and management of knowledge including the
systematization and clarification of knowledge.
Construction of Ontologies
In this section, the construction of ontology (in other words, what ontol-
ogy represents and how it is built) will be explained.
It was stated previously that the direct purpose of building an ontol-
ogy is the creation, sharing, and management of knowledge. Furthermore,
even though we did not clearly define the term knowledge , we did state
that it is an intermediary wherein the creation, sharing, and manage-
ment is carried out through the cooperation of individuals and systems.
Therefore, in this section, we will assume that ontology is represented by
t his intermedia r y.
Ontology as an expression of the above-mentioned knowledge is formed
by a series of parts. These parts also can be defined in various ways. In
this section, we will introduce one of the most well-known definitions,
the definition of a component, according to [Noy and McGuinness, 2001].
• Concepts (also often referred to as classes)
• Properties (also often referred to as slots)
• Axioms (also often referred to as facets or constraints)
• Instance
Concepts (Classes)
Concepts are entities that are recognized as parts having a certain consis-
tency or can be seen as existing independently. For example, in ontology
related to medical treatment, the words patient (in relation to the person
who receives the medical services) or operation (in relation to a form
of medical service) can be considered to be typical concepts. A name
(or label) is assigned to each class.