Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
below the Saraswati riverbed. Since groundwater was used for artificial
recharge, the injection water was devoid of silts and other impurities and
chemically compatible with the water in aquifer getting recharged. The
pressure injection experiment was conducted continuously for about 250
days with an average injection quantity of 225 cubic metres per day. During
the recharge cycle, a rise in water level of five metres in the injection well
(apparent built up of 11 m) and 0.6 to 1.0 m in wells 150 metres away from
the injection well were observed.
In Mehsana area, artificial recharge experiments through spreading method
were also conducted using canal water. A spreading channel of 3.3 metres
width, 400 m length with 1 in 1 side slope was constructed and in which the
canal water was fed for 46 days. The recorded build up in water level of 1.4
to 2 m was observed up to 15 m from the recharge channel and about 20 cm
at distance of 200 m. The recharge rate of 260 cubic metres per day was
estimated using an infiltration rate of 17 cm/day. Dissipation in recharge
mound (1.42 m) was observed in 15 days.
Studies on control of salinity in the coastal Saurashtra using spreading
and injection method have indicated that the recharge pit and the injection
shaft can effect recharge at the rate of 192 and 2600 cubic metres per day
respectively. Canal water was used for recharge studies.
Alluvial Areas of Ghaggar River Basin—Haryana
Central Ground Water Board, with the assistance of UNDP, carried out
artificial recharge studies involving recharge through injection well in
Kurukshetra District along Ghaggar river in Haryana. After construction and
development of injection well, recharge experiment was conducted with a
recharge rate of 40 LPS for 389 hours and with 22 LPS for another 24 hours.
The experiment demonstrated that the hydrogeological conditions of the area
are favourable for artificial recharge through injection method. The canal
water quality was found to be suitable for injection.
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
Since late 60's many attempts have been made to explain spatial variability
of groundwater occurrence in different terrain conditions using aerial
photography and remote sensing. Ghosh and Singh (1975) have identified
the control of palaeochannels on the occurrence and movement of groundwater
in Rajasthan. Under National Drinking Water Mission, ISRO has identified
and mapped favourable zones for groundwater exploration (ISRO, 1988).
Groundwater cannot be seen directly from the remote sensing data; hence
its presence is inferred from identification of surface features, which act as
an indicator of groundwater (Das et al., 1997; Ravindran and Jeyram, 1997).
Many researchers have used remote sensing and GIS techniques
successfully for demarcating the groundwater potential zones in diverse
