Structural Properties of Cryptographic Sequences - Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems - page 189

5 Conclusions
We have proposed an alternative message expansion scheme for the Tangle hash
function that addresses the flaws uncovered by the successful collision attacks
discovered during the SHA-3 competition.
Theproposedschemeisbasedonthefact that differences at the beginning of
the expanded message contribute to a higher overall avalanche since they affect
more rounds of the compression function. To achieve this goal two pseudo-CRC
words are placed at the beginning of the message expansion and the expanded
words follow, with the original message included at the end. The expansion
scheme is, in itself, a complete redesign of the original.
The improved message expansion scheme presents much better security prop-
erties than the original version while maintaining the same high performance
level. Nevertheless, modifications of the round and output functions are under
study to further improve Tangle's security.
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