Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 7
THERAPEUTIC USE
NONHUMAN ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY (AAT) is becoming increasingly
one of the originators of modern psychiatry, introduced dogs in his work with his pa-
tients. Nowadays, AAT encompasses interventions incorporating dogs, cats, rodents,
birds, reptiles, horses, monkeys, and even dolphins. The goals of such therapy are ex-
tremely varied, including psychological therapeutic objectives, as well as other forms of
assistance.
2
In this chapter, I will ignore the prudential questions that haunt most AAT literature
I have come across, that is, whether the benefits of AAT can be conclusively shown
over and against more conventional modes of therapy. I will assume—what is in fact
highly controversial—that AAT is therapeutically effective generally and, for some indi-
viduals, is advantageous when compared with other forms of therapy. Can such uses of
nonhuman animals be morally justified from a “liberationist” perspective, a perspective,
that is, that acknowledges that animals are not merely a resource to be exploited by
humans?
THE CASE AGAINST AAT
AAT literature does not ignore the moral dimension of the work that it advocates.
Yet the remarks on ethics appear to be limited to considerations of welfare. The Delta
Society's website, for example, cautions its readers that:
AAT may be inappropriate for the animals when
• Injuries from rough handling or from other animals may occur.
• Basic animal welfare cannot be assured. This includes veterinary care, and access
to water and exercise areas.
• The animal does not enjoy visiting.
In a different publication by the same organization, it is maintained that “At all
times the rights of the animals shall be respected and ensured. This includes humane
treatment, protection from undue stress, and availability of water and exercise area.”
3
One proposed code of ethics for animal-assisted therapy includes the requirements that
the animal's welfare must be the priority of the therapy facilitator; the therapy animal
must “never be forced to leave the home to go to work” or to perform actions it is
reluctant to perform; and animals are to be given adjustment time and quiet-time peri-
ods before sessions and be protected from individuals carrying diseases that may be
