Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Engineering and building structures located within the geodynamic zones are
subject not only to increased mechanical stress but also to chemical and microbio-
logical destruction. In particular, the incidence of iron bacteria is several times higher
in these areas than in the background ones. This significantly reduces the service life
of steel and concrete structures. In active geodynamic zones oxidation and reduction
reactions create a hostile environment for a variety of building materials.
Violations of foundations and structures, buried in sediments under these
conditions, lead to increasing risks of groundwater contamination since they cre-
ate additional potential sources of contamination at hazardous chemical and
nuclear facilities, such as NPPs.
Special efforts have been implemented to identify PFMZs in the Chernobyl
NPP area. Within its operation site and the adjacent areas, based on aerial photo-
graphs and topographic maps, geodynamic zones that appear in the current
landscape (topography, soils, vegetation) were identified. It is established that the
location site of the NPP is crossed by several active geodynamic zones (Figure 3.19).
Important is the fact that, during the Chernobyl NPP construction, its
industrial site was covered with a layer of sand and leveled. However, after 16
years, the depressions again appeared in relief. Some of them have achieved a
significant depth, indicating the activity of the processes of migration and matter
removal from these areas through the geological environment.
The survey of the CEZ area (see Figures 3.3, 3.11, and 3.19) and the locations
of NPPs in other countries (see Figure 3.1) show that the round and linear depres-
sion forms are of frequent occurrence in these areas.
These examples show that the geodynamic anomalies presented by depres-
sions and linear forms of relief have a deep nature of formation and development,
and this conclusion should be implemented in practice.
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