Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
regional economy, have been described elsewhere. It should be emphasized that
employment itself has positive health, well-being and self-esteem benefits.
As yet, holistic studies on the balance of the positive and negative health bene-
fits of aviation, which should also include the local and global environmental dimen-
sions, such as ozone depletion and skin carcinomas, have yet to be reported. Until
such studies are undertaken, it will be impossible to quantify precisely the full health
risks associated with aviation, so that they can be considered within the industry's
future sustainable development.
N
OTES
1
A bio-aerosol is an air-borne particulate of biological origin (eg bacteria).
2
The Leiden mutation of blood coagulation factor V is the commonest genetic abnormal-
ity associated with venous thromboembolism, found in approximately 5 per cent of white
people (Bertina et al, 1994; Bournameaux, 2000).
3
See, for example, www.qantas.com.au/flights/essentials/healthinflight.html.
4
Sv = Sievert, an international unit of measure for ionizing radiation that takes into account
a measure of the biological effect of the ionizing radiation.
For comparison, the FAA recommends a maximum exposure to 20mSv yr
-1
, averaged over
five years, and a maximum limit for pregnant aircrew of 2mSv yr
-1
until the end of the
pregnancy, with a maximum of 0.5mSv per month.
5
Note that, in practice, the 10
-4
individual risk contour is so close to airport runways that
there is little or no development within it anyway.
6
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EFERENCES
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