Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
showing how action can take place, and within a short time span. This could easily
be done within the EU.
Notes
1
T&E is the European Federation for Transport and Environment, the principal umbrella
for around 40 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 21 countries in Europe work-
ing on transport and environment issues. T&E is also the official CAEP/ICAO observer
on behalf of ICSA. ICSA stands for the International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation
and is an informal coalition of NGOs, which include the Aviation Environment Federa-
tion, the Centre for Clean Air Policy, the Clean Air Coalition, Friends of the Earth, the
German League for Nature Protection, the Dutch Society for Nature Conservation, the
Natural Resources Defence Council and the World Wide Fund for Nature.
2
The IPCC
Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere: Summary for Policy-
makers
, states: 'Global passenger air travel, as measured in revenue passenger km is pro-
jected to grow by about 5 per cent per year between 1990 and 2015, whereas total
aviation fuel use - including passenger, freight and military - is projected to increase by
3 per cent per year over the same period, the difference being due largely to improved
aircraft efficiency' (IPCC, 1999, p 4).
3
Article 2.2 for the Kyoto Protocol states that the 'Parties included in Annex I shall
pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the
Montreal Protocol from aviation…working through the International Civil Aviation
Organisation' (UNFCCC, 1997).
4
The EU's sustainable development strategy is based upon the principle that the economic,
social and environmental effects of all policies should be examined in a coordinated way
and taken into account in decision-making. 'Getting prices right' so that they better reflect
the true costs to society of different activities would provide a better incentive for consum-
ers and producers in everyday decisions about which goods and services to make or buy.
Furthermore, 'a sustainable transport policy should tackle rising volumes of traffic and
levels of congestion, noise and pollution and encourage the use of environment-friendly
modes of transport as well as the full internalization of social and environmental costs.
Action is needed to bring about a significant decoupling of transport growth and GDP
growth' (EC, 2001).
5
IPCC (1999, pp8-9) states: 'Over the period from 1992 to 2050, the overall radiative
forcing by aircraft for all scenarios in this report is a factor 2 to 4 larger than the forcing
by aircraft carbon dioxide alone'. The other gases are ozone, methane, water vapour,
contrails, cirrus clouds, sulphate and soot aerosols.
References
EC (2001)
A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: European Union Strategy for Sustainable
Development
, COM(2001)264 final communication from the Commission, Commis-
sion of the European Communities, Brussels, 15 May 2001, available at www.europa.eu.
int/eur-lex/en/com/cnc/2001/com2001_0264en01.pdf
IPCC (1999)
Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere: Summary for Policymakers
,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
UNFCCC (1997)
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
, UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. text available at www.unfccc.de/resource/
docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf
Wit, R and Bleijenberg, A (1998)
A European Environmental Aviation Charge: Feasibility
Study
, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
