Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
addressing environmental issues, a number of emergent social issues might signifi-
cantly delay or constrain airports' expansion plans if not managed effectively. In par-
ticular, increasing levels of noise disturbance and increasing traffic congestion are
seen as major potential constraints. Many airports have been forced to address these
issues through active engagement with local communities in an attempt to maintain
or enhance capacity, while at the same time satisfying government, local authorities
and community stakeholders.
At the local level, achieving sustainability means balancing social, environmental
and economic criteria in a framework that manages growth, while targeting benefits
to the most adversely affected communities, or those greatest in need (Manchester
Airport, 2000). Sustainability issues will continue to dominate airport operations in
a future where growth can only occur in a balanced and inclusive environment.
Accountability is another facet of a modern democracy and it is likely, therefore,
that governments will require that community stakeholders participate in decision-
making processes if airports are to achieve balanced growth that offsets social and
environmental externalities (DETR, 2000).
Aviation actors will argue that it is airports that should take the lead role in pro-
moting these issues and be given the necessary powers and support to drive forward
programmes of environmental management and community affairs, while involving
a range of partners. On the other side of the same coin, community groups will insist
on checks and balances to constrain exponential growth. With government, they
will look for open, accountable business practices that balance the needs of all stake-
holders. Sustainability, then, will depend upon the ability of airports to provide and
manage long-term development strategies that enjoy the active support of key stake-
holders. Such is the impact of major airports upon their local communities that
many have highly developed public consultation systems. These are used to assist
the development of existing facilities and operations and also the design of new
infrastructure.
Engaging airport stakeholders
Social inclusion is a fundamental component of a sustainable society, allowing every-
one to share the benefits of increased prosperity. Airports can be drivers in this pro-
cess by providing, for example, equality in employment and through sponsorship of
education programmes that increase the employment prospects of low- to middle-
income social groups.
The purpose of airport development is to facilitate airport growth and enhance
the economic and social well-being of the local and national community. This means
fully taking into account the views of the local community on airport development
plans and how they are to be achieved. Participation is a question of both principle
and practice. In terms of principle, people should be involved in determining the
outcomes of issues that concern themselves and the society in which they live. In
terms of practice, the effectiveness and sustainability of airport development depends,
in part, upon the commitment of interested stakeholders. Thus, participation is a cen-
tral element in achieving airport development objectives.
Participation contributes to the chances of airport development being sustain-
able because:
