Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(Stuber et al, 2000). Thus, emissions of aviation NO
x
and their effect on tropo-
spheric O
3
production and radiative forcing remain an issue.
C
ONCLUSIONS
Much of this overview draws upon the IPCC 1999 assessment
Aviation and the Glo-
bal Atmosphere
, which will be viewed as the benchmark for some years to come. How-
ever, a significant amount of research has continued past the IPCC assessment and
important new results have been published, some of which are reviewed here. One
of the most interesting developments is the commencement of 'what-if' scenarios
that address operational issues. It should be stressed that these are in their infancy as
the model tools with which aviation impacts are currently assessed are not yet mature
enough, nor sufficiently convergent in their answers, to provide definitive recom-
mendations on how aviation might minimize its climate impacts. Recent technolog-
ical developments and proposals, notably the Airbus A380, Boeing Sonic Cruiser
and a possible European-built large SST expand the scope of questions and the chal-
lenges for atmospheric science to provide robust environmental assessments.
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This overview draws upon research commissioned by the UK Department of Trans-
port, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR, Aviation Environmental Divi-
sion), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI, Engineering Directorate, Civil
Aviation Issues) and the European Commission (EC). We would like to express our
appreciation to Mike Crompton (DTLR), Peter Newton (DTI), Dr Reiner Dunker
(EC), Dr Georgios Amanatides (EC) and Dr Helen Rogers (University of Cam-
bridge, European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit). Figure 5.3 was downloaded
from the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) website.
N
OTES
1
Note that the IPCC IS92 scenarios have subsequently been replaced by the SRES sce-
narios; see IPCC (2000).
2
See www.ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk/clusters/Corsaire_Website/corsaire_euproj.htm.
3
See www.op.dlr.de/ipa and above website for more details of aviation-related EU and
national research projects.
R
EFERENCES
Anderson, B E, Cofer, W R, Barrick, J W, Bagwell D R, Hudgins, C H and Nowicki, G D
(1998) 'Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions: 1. Total and nonvolatile par-
ticle emission indices',
Geophysical Research Letters
, vol 25, pp1689-1692
Appleman, H S (1966) 'Effect of supersonic aircraft on cirrus formation and climate', Amer-
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