Historical Use of Chlorinated Solvents and Their Stabilizing Compounds - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 42

TABLE 1.21
Some Examples of General Citations of Stabilizers for the Major Solvents, by Year

Methyl Chloroform

Archer et al. (1977)
1,3-Dioxolane; nitromethane; 1,2-butylene oxide; isobutyl alcohol; and toluene
1,2-Butylene oxide; acetonitrile; 1,3,5-trioxane; and nitromethane
tert -Butyl alcohol; nitromethane; and methyl butynol
1,2-Butylene oxide; tert -amyl alcohol; methyl ethyl ketone; and nitromethane
Nitromethane; acetonitrile; 1,2-butylene oxide; and isopropyl nitrate

Goodner et al. (1977)
DOW Chlorothene VG™: nitromethane; 1,4-dioxane; and acetonitrile

IARC (1979)
Nitromethane; n -methylpyrrole; 1,2-butylene oxide; 1,3-dioxolane; and secondary butyl alcohols

Dow Chemical Company (1980)
2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol; nitromethane; nitroethane; t -amyl alcohol; and 1,2-butylene oxide

Archer (1984)
USA: 0.5-0.8% 1,2-butylene oxide; 0.4-0.7% nitromethane; 2.0-3.5% 1,4-dioxane; 1.0-2.0% sec -butanol; and 1.0%
1,3-dioxolane
Europe: 0.6-1.0% 1,2-butylene oxide; 0.4-1.0% nitromethane; 3.5% 1,4-dioxane; 2.0-6.5% tert -butynol; 2-3% methyl
butynol; 2% isopropylnitrate; and 3% acetonitrile
Japan: 0.1-0.6% 1,2-butylene oxide; 0.1-0.7% nitromethane; and 3.5% 1,4-dioxane

Gregersen and Hansen (1986)
Epoxides; 1,4-dioxane; nitro compounds; carbonyl compounds; and tert -alcohols

Quast et al. (1988)
Methyl chloroform has a purity of 94%, with 5% stabilizers, including 1,2-butylene oxide, tert- amyl alcohol, methyl
butynol, nitroethane, nitromethane, and

< 1% minor impurities

Dow Chemical Company (1992)
Dow Aerosol Grade: 1.5% tert -butyl alcohol; 0.5% 1,2-butylene oxide; and 1.9% dimethoxymethane

Meike (1993)
A typical cutting/tapping l uid based on a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent was composed of 76% methyl chloroform,
16.3% 1,4-dioxane, 4.2% dichloromethane, and 3.5% 1,2-epoxyethane

Michigan ORR (2000)
tert -Butyl alcohol, sec -butyl alcohol, methylal (dimethoxymethane), and 1,2-butylene oxide

INEL (2006)
Dowclene EC: 1.9% 1,4-dioxane

Trichloroethylene

Stauffer (1956)
Triethylamine, p - t -amyl phenol, and diisobutylene

1976 and 1978 compositions cited in European Chemicals Bureau (2000c)
1976: 0.19% 1,2-butylene oxide; 0.04% ethyl acetate; 0.02% n -methylpyrrole; 0.03% diisobutylene; and 0.09%
epichlorohydrin
1978: 0.023% diisobutylene; 0.024% 1,2-butylene oxide; 0.052% ethyl acetate; 0.008% n -methylpyrrole; and 0.148%
epichlorohydrin