Forensic Applications for 1,4-Dioxane and Solvent Stabilizers - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 428

TABLE 9.6
Summary of the Potential for High-Boiling Stabilizers to Become Concentrated

Operating Parameters for Vapor Degreasers Used in Stabilizer-Enrichment Calculations a

Batch and Reservoir
Volume (gallons)

Solvent Added per
Week (gallons)

Batch Changes
per Year

Annual Solvent
Usage (gallons)

Annual Solvent
Waste (gallons)

Emissions
Losses (%) Vapor Degreaser Type Dimensions (ft) Solvent

Open top 5 × 2.5 × 6.5 Perchloroethylene 70/50 27 17 1824 420 77

Open top 8 × 4 × 8 Methyl chloroform 165/110 55 6 3850 990 74.3

Open top 12 × 4.5 × 4.5 Trichloroethylene 280/180 35 12 7200 1800 75

Open top 5 × 3 × 3 Dichloromethane 75/50 30 12 2200 280 85

Vapor Pressures of “High-Boiling” Stabilizers at Solvent Boiling Point

Enthalpy of Vaporization b ( Δ H vap ) Calculated Stabilizer Vapor Pressure at Solvent

Boiling Point (atm)

Boiling Point (K) Concentration (wt%) (J/mol)

Stabilizers of Methyl Chloroform (b.p. = 346.8 K)

1,4-Dioxane 374.1 3 36,500 0.40

Nitromethane 374.2 0.5 34,000 0.42

2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol 376.5 2.5 42,000 0.32

Nitroethane 387 0.5 38,270 0.25

Stabilizers of Trichloroethylene (b.p. = 360.2 K)

Pyridine 388.2 0.5 37,300 0.41

Epichlorohydrin 390.9 0.15 42,900 0.32

p - tert -Amyl phenol 535.5 0.01 58,200 0.0017

Stabilizers of Perchloroethylene (b.p. = 394.2 K)

Butoxymethyl oxirane 437 0.0043 NA Not calculated

Cyclohexene oxide 402.5 0.0011 NA Not calculated

Stabilizers of Dichloromethane (b.p. = 346.8 K)