Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.17 (continued)
Analyses of Consumer Products for 1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane
Concentration (ppm)
Product and References a,b
Circle of Friends No Tearski Shampoo b
2.1
Giovanni Smooth as Silk Deep Moisture Shampoo b
2.1
Origins Ginger Burst Savory Body Wash b
2.0
Seventh Generation Natural Dish Liquid b
1.9
Emerald Forest with Sapayul Botanical Shampoo b
1.7
365 * Everyday Value Dish Liquid b
1.6
Nature's Gate Baby Soothing Shampoo b
1.6
Seventh Generation Lemongrass & Clementine Zest Natural Dish Liquid b
1.5
Rainbow Gentle Antibacterial Soap b
1.3
Ultra-Hair Conditioning Shampoo b
1.2
Rainbow Soap for Kids b
1.1
Earth Therapeutics Loofah Exfoliating Scrub Oatmeal & Honey b
0.9
Alba Replenishing Shampoo b
0.7
Life Tree Citrus Fresh Dish Soap b
0.7
Hugo Vanilla & Sweet Orange Conditioner b
0.6
Kiss My Face Obsessively Organic Lavender & Chamomile Self Foaming Liquid Soap b
0.3
Nature's Gate Organics Fruit Blend Liquid Soap b
0.3
Ecco Bella Moisturizing Shampoo Vanilla b
0.2
Source:
From Steinman, D., 2007, Safe Trip to Eden : 10 Steps to Save Planet Earth from the Global Warming Meltdown. NY:
Thunder's Mouth Press. With permission.
Note:
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and the Environmental Working Group have continued to track levels of 1,4-dioxane
in consumer products (see www.safecosmetics.org/ and www.cosmeticsdatabase.com/ ) .
Analyses in 2006 of children's shampoo and bath products were published in David Steinman's (2007) Safe Trip to Eden
(used with permission); CSC (2007) lists some of these products and some for adults as well.
a
Analyses in 2007 and 2008 of sundries and dish-washing products branded as natural and organic (Organic Consumers
Association, 2008). The 54 products branded natural or organic but not listed here were nondetect for 1,4-dioxane, includ-
ing all USDA-certii ed brands such as Dr. Bronner's, Sensibility Soaps (Nourish brand), Terressentials, German Natural
“BDIH”-certii ed brands including Aubrey Organics, and Dr. Hauschka. Method: An aliquot of sample was accurately
weighed into a vial with 5 mL of water and 1 g of sodium sulfate. Internal standard (5 μg 1,4-dioxane-d 8 ) was added. The
vial was capped and heated at 95°C for 60 min. A 1 mL aliquot of the headspace over the sample was analyzed by direct
injection. Conditions: Instrument: Agilent 5973N; column: 25 m × 0.20 mm HP-624, 1.12 μm i lm; column temperature:
40°C (hold 3 min) to 100°C at 10°C/min, then to 180°C at 25°C/min (hold 5 min); injector temperature: 220°C; mass
range (selected-ion monitoring): masses 43, 58, 88 (dioxane): 64 and 96 (dioxane-d 8 ); and 1.72 cycles per second.
b
6.4.4 C ALIFORNIA P ROPOSITION 65
In 1986, California voters approved an initiative that requires the state to publish a list of toxic
chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. The initiative, called
the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, came to be known as Proposition 65.
The list of chemicals must be updated at least annually; it now includes approximately 775 chemi-
cals (Cal EPA, 2007a). California businesses are required to notify the public about signii cant
amounts of chemicals in the products for sale or used in their homes or workplaces, so that they may
make informed decisions about protecting themselves from exposure to the listed chemicals.
Proposition 65 also prohibits discharge of the listed chemicals to sources of drinking water.
Proposition 65 is enforced by the California Attorney General's Ofi ce.
The California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) lists chemicals if a panel of inde-
pendent scientists and health professionals i nds that the chemical causes cancer, birth defects, or
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