Regulation and Risk Assessment of 1,4-Dioxane - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 280

TABLE 6.8
Toxicity of 1,4-Dioxane to Microorganisms and Protozoa

Result
(mg/L) Species Limit Method References

Chilomonas paramecium
(a cryptomonad used to measure
growth)

48 h NOEC, cell
multiplication inhibition

>10,000 a Static Bringmann et al.

(1980)

Entosiphon sulcatum (a l agellate
bacterium used to measure
population growth rate)

72 h NOEC, cell
multiplication inhibition

5340 a Static Bringmann (1978)

Pseudomonas l uorescens
(a common gram-negative,
rod-shaped bacterium)

16 h NOEC, glucose
assimilation inhibition

2700 a Static Bringmann (1973)

Pseudomonas putida (a
gram-negative rod-shaped
saprophytic soil bacterium)

16 h NOEC, cell
multiplication inhibition

2700 a Static Bringmann and

Kühn (1977b)

Uronema parduczi (a ciliate
protist)

20 h NOEC (EC 0 ), cell
multiplication inhibition

5620 a Static Bringmann and

Kühn (1980)

Photobacterium phosphoreum
(a bioluminescent gram-negative
bacteria)

EC 50 6000 Other direct assay—

luminescence reduction

Thomulka and
McGee (1992)

Vibrio harveyi (a bioluminescent
marine bacteria)

EC 50 16,000 Other direct assay—

luminescence reduction

Thomulka and
McGee (1992)

Vibrio harveyi EC 50 6500 Other growth assay—

luminescence reduction

Thomulka and
McGee (1992)

a Nominal concentration.

TABLE 6.9
Short-Term Toxicity of 1,4-Dioxane to Aquatic Invertebrates

Test Endpoint or Result
(mg/L) Species Limit (mg/L) References

Daphnia magna Straus (water l ea) 24 EC 0 6210 Bringmann and Kühn (1982)

Daphnia magna Straus 24 EC 50 8450 (nominal concentration)

range: 8040-8880

Bringmann and Kühn (1982)

Daphnia magna Straus 24 EC 100 >10,000 Bringmann and Kühn (1982)

Daphnia magna (water l ea) 24 EC 0 2070 (nominal concentration) Bringmann and Kühn (1977a)

Daphnia magna 24 EC 50 4700 (nominal concentration) Bringmann and Kühn (1977a)

Daphnia magna 24 EC 100 10,000 Bringmann and Kühn (1977a)

Ceriodaphnia dubia (water l ea) 24 EC 50 299 Dow Chemical Company (1989b)

48 EC 50 163

Ceriodaphnia dubia 168 EC 50 625 Springborn Laboratories Inc. (1989)

Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
(amphipod)

48 EC 50 2274 Dow Chemical Company (1989b)

Aedes agyptii (midge larvae) 4 LC 50 40,000 Kramer et al. (1983)