Regulation and Risk Assessment of 1,4-Dioxane - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 265

TABLE 6.1
State, Federal (EPA), and International Regulatory Guidelines, Action Levels, and
Remediation Targets for 1,4-Dioxane as of 2007
Concentration of 1,4-Dioxane in Given Amount of Media and Use or Type of Exposure
Alaska: Draft cleanup guidance: Human health risk-based concentrations [1]
Arctic soil in direct contact: 730 mg/kg
Soil in direct contact (>40 ft to groundwater): 540 mg/kg
Soil in direct contact (<40 ft to groundwater): 440 mg/kg
Groundwater: 77 μg/L
Arizona: Soil remediation level [2]
Residential soil: 400 mg/kg
Nonresidential soil: 1700 mg/kg
California: Advisory level [2]
Drinking water: 3 μg/L
Residential or industrial soil: 0.0018 mg/kg
Colorado: Water quality standards [2]
Groundwater (March 2005 to March 2010): 6.1 μg/L
Surface water (after March 2010): 3.2 μg/L
Connecticut: Comparison value for risk assessments [2]
Drinking water: 20 μg/L
Delaware: Remediation standard [2]
Groundwater: 6 μg/L
Soil (critical water resource area): 0.6 mg/kg
Soil (noncritical water resource area): 58-520 mg/kg
Florida: Cleanup target levels [2]
Groundwater: 3.2 μg/L
Surface water: 120 μg/L
Soil (with direct exposure — commercial or industrial): 38 mg/kg
Soil (with direct exposure — residential): 23 mg/kg
Soil (leachable by groundwater): 0.01 mg/kg
Soil (leachable by surface water): 0.5 mg/kg
Hawaii: Action levels [22]
Soil (for releases over groundwater used for drinking water): 3.7 μg/kg
Groundwater (drinking water): 6.1 μg/L
Surface water (nondrinking; aquatic habitat protection): 34,000 μg/L
Surface water (marine): 50,000 μg/L
Illinois: Groundwater remediation objective
Groundwater (acceptable detection limit for carcinogens): 1 μg/L
Iowa [2]
Soil: 280 mg/kg
Maine: Maximum exposure guideline [2]
Drinking water: 32 μg/L
Massachusetts [19]
Guidelines:
Drinking water: 3 μg/L
Contingency-plan standards:
Groundwater (guidance value — issued in 2007): 3 μg/L
Groundwater (shallow aquifer with vapor-intrusion potential): 6000 μg/L
Groundwater (ecological risk): 50,000 μg/L
Soil (direct contact and leaching): 0.005 mg/kg
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