The Toxicology of 1,4-Dioxane - Environmental Investigation and Remediation - page 239

Sherman rat (60 per
sex per dose group)

Males 0, 9.6, 94, and 1015 mg/
kg-day; females 0, 19, 148, and
1599 mg/kg-day for two years

9.6 94 Degeneration and necrosis of

renal tubular cells and
hepatocytes

Nasal cavity (squamous cell
carcinoma), liver
(hepatocellular carcinoma)

1307 (average of
male and female
dose), 1307
(average of male
and female dose)

Kociba et al.
(1974)

Osborne-Mendel rat
(35 per sex per dose
level)

Males 0, 240, and 530 mg/kg-day;
females 0, 350, and 640 mg/
kg-day for 110 weeks

NA 240 Pneumonia, gastric ulcers,

and cortical tubular
degeneration in the kidney

Nasal cavity (squamous cell
carcinoma); liver
(hepatocellular adenoma)

530 (males),
350 (females);
350 (females)

NCI (1978)

B6C3F 1 mouse (50
per sex per dose
level)

Males 0, 720, and 830 mg/kg-day;
females 0, 380, and 860 mg/
kg-day for 90 weeks

NA 380 Pneumonia and rhinitis Liver (hepatocellular

adenoma or carcinoma)

720 (males),
380 (females)

NCI (1978)

F344/DuCrj rat (50
per sex per dose
level)

Males 0, 16, 81, or 398 mg/
kg-day; females 0, 21, 103, or
514 mg/kg-day for two years

81 398 Atrophy of nasal olfactory

epithelium; nasal adhesion
and inl ammation

Nasal cavity (squamous cell
carcinoma, sarcoma,
rhabdomyo-sarcoma, and
esthesioneuro-epithelioma),
liver (hepatocellular
adenoma or carcinoma)

398 (males),
514 (females);
398 (males),
514 (females)

JBRC
(1998c)

Crj:BDF 1 mouse (50
per sex per dose
level)

Males 0, 66, 251, or 768 mg/
kg-day; females 0, 77, 323, or
1066 mg/kg-day for two years

77 323 Nasal inl ammation Liver(hepatocellular

adenoma or carcinoma)

768 (males),
77 (females)

JBRC
(1998c)

Developmental Studies
Sprague Dawley rat
(18-20 per group)

Pregnant dams 0, 250, 500, or
1000 mg/kg-day on gestation
days 6-15

500 1000 Delayed ossii cation of the

sternebrae and reduced fetal
body weights

NA NA Giavini et al.

(1985)

NA = not applicable.

a p

0.05 by Fisher's exact test pair-wise comparison with controls.
b Precise incidences cannot be calculated because the number of rats per group was reported as a range (28-32); incidence in control rats was not reported; no statistical analysis of the results
was conducted.

≤