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O
O
Monooxygenase
1,4-dioxane
O
OH
OH
O
H
O
O
2-hydroxy -1,4-dioxane
2-hydroxyethoxyaxetaldehyde
O
OH
O
O
+H
2
O
OH
O
-H
2
O
O
1,4 dioxane -2 - one
2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid
Monooxygenase
OH
O
OH
CH
2
OH
O
H
CH
O
O
OH
OH
2-hydroxyethoxy - 2-hydroxyaceticacid
1,2-dihydroxyethoxyacetic acid
+
OH
OH
O
HO
X2
OH
O
O
Glyoxal
Ethylene glycol
Glycolic acid
HO
O
Glycoaldehyde
OH
OH
O
Glycolic acid
OH
OH
O
Glycolic acid
O
HO
O
HO
Oxalic acid
CO
2
FIGURE 3.9
Complete biodegradation pathway of 1,4-dioxane by monooxygenase-expressing bac-
teria. (From Mahendra, S., et al., 2007,
Environmental Science and Technology
41(21): 7330-7336. With
permission.)
characterized this enzyme, designated GSPALK1, through molecular, genetic, and biochemical
analyses. Skinner's characterization of GSPALK1 through gene encoding is the i rst description of
a cytochrome P450 involved in the terminal oxidation of gaseous
n
-alkanes and cyclic ethers,
as well as the i rst description of a cytochrome P450 involved in MTBE and 1,4-dioxane
cometabolism.
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