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Fig. 16. Medical data collected can then be uploaded to the Hospital Server
both cases, the application uses Winsock CE 3.0 (Windows CE Sockets) to send its
database content to a central hospital database server (fig. 12).
In overall, the 3D Back Pain Application was implemented on an HP iPAQ 5450
PDA with 16-bit touch-sensitive transflective thin film translator (TFT) liquid crystal
display (LCD) that supports 65,536 colors. The display pixel pitch of the device is
0.24 mm and its viewable image size is 2.26 inch wide and 3.02 inch tall. It runs Mi-
crosoft Windows for Pocket PC 2003 (Windows CE) operating system on an Intel 400
Mhz XSCALE processor and contains 64MB standard memory as well as 48MB
internal flash ROM. The reason a Microsoft Windows based PDA was chosen is be-
cause it is a more popular platform than its main competitors Palm OS and Symbian.
Hospital Database Server Component. With the back pain recording finished, the
data will then be sent after the patient's demand to the hospital's database server (fig.
12) which acts as the intermediate between the clinician and the patient. So, the data
will remain on this server until further requested by either party.
Due to the sensitivity of the data sent from the patient's handheld device, all the
information is sent through WiFi Protected Access-Pre-Shared Key (WPA-PSK)
encrypted radio broadcast at wireless level. At software level, the information privacy
is maintained by the use of 128-b Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTPS). In
addition to all of the above, to prevent identity theft, rotating-password approach is
utilized, which requests five random characters of predefined 16-letter password, and
creates a unique keyword combination for every transfer.
To this end, the Web server was implemented on an Intel Pentium IV running at 3.4
GHz, with 1-GB RAM and a 250-GB hard disk. The operating system was Windows
2003 Server and Internet Information Server (IIS) 6.0 with an Open Database Con-
nectivity (ODBC) service. Finally, throughout our trials, a Netgear DG834PN 108-
Mb/s RangeMax ADSL Modem Wireless Router was used.
Clinician Component. The final component of our proposed system architecture is
the clinician's application. With the data uploaded to the hospital server, the clinician
can now access the database uploaded and retrieve and analyze the medical data
stored for back pain assessment and diagnosis. Although the clinician component is
not the main focus of this work, it could be mentioned that two applications to
retrieve the data from the hospital server have been developed. The first one is a
standalone application that could run on any Windows operating system, offering
the clinician the ease to retrieve the medical information uploaded by the patient
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