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1. Acquisition of the olfactory stimulus
2. Preprocessing of the olfactory signal
3. Pattern analysis of the preprocessed olfactory signal
The first component regards the gas acquisition system, which is done by a
sensor array that measures a given physical or chemical quantity; the second
module concerns the preprocessing and dimensionality reduction phase which is
aimed at converting the response of the odor sensors into an electrical signal and
at transforming it in a more suitable form for subsequent multivariate pattern
analysis through analog conditioning and digital processing. The last module
has the task of identifying the most significative components for the consid-
ered problem and to solve the prediction problem: classification, regression or
clustering.
Fig. 1. Parallel between the human biological olfactory system and the sensory based
machine olfaction mechanism: in the same way the odor is perceived by specialized
olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium, in the electronic nose, the olfactory
signal is acquired through a sensor array, that sends its response to a signal conditioning
and preprocessing module, that corresponds to the olfactory bulb operations. Finally, in
humans, signals are elaborated in the brain, that is able to perform different tasks, such
as recognition of the odor, classification or concentration analysis. The same tasks are
faced and solved from the pattern analysis module, that implements several artificial
intelligence techniques to extract the desired information for classification, clustering
or regression.
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