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The presented type of automatic understanding of image-type data for interpreting
and analysing X-rays of foot bones in the external lateral projection was aimed at
detecting various types of fractures and irregularities appearing in the structure of the
bone and at detecting lesions - haematomas.
In the cognitive analysis of X-ray images of foot bones aimed at determining the
semantics of the analysed foot skeleton data, the interpretation process was applied to
images showing such pathologies as bone fractures, deformations and dislocations.
To summarise the above discussions, it can be said that the type of foot projection
described above became the basis for introducing definitions of grammars and formal
descriptions that are to support the in-depth analysis, interpretation and the semantic
description of analysed data in the image form. The analysis and reasoning conducted
were not just about the simple identification of the pathology. They were mainly about
identifying the type of that pathology, understanding it and presenting the semantics
contained in the image. The attempt at the automatic understanding of the analysed
data by the UBIAS system was made using the cognitive analysis and interpretation of
selected medical images depicting various types of foot bone deformations. Identifying
very robust formalisms of the linguistic description and the meaning analysis of data
makes it possible to conduct a complete analysis of foot bone images, comprising the
semantic reasoning and the indication of the specific type of a pathology. It can also be
used to indicate specific therapeutic recommendations in the diagnostic/treatment
process conducted by a specialist physician (taking into consideration additional
information from the patient's medical history).
The example presented earlier showed the results of the semantic, meaning inter-
pretation of analysed and detected lesions found in the area of foot bones.
The efficacy of applying the cognitive analysis is presented in a table and is aimed
at comparing the results obtained by the cognitive analysis with results which can be
considered as correct diagnoses (Tab. 1).
Table 1.
The efficacy of applying a cognitive analysis for the meaning diagnosis of selected
disorders of foot bones
Lesion analysed
Number of
images analysed
Number of images
(lesions) diagnosed
correctly
Cognitive analysis
efficacy [%]
Bone fractures
12
10
83,3
Bone displacements
20
18
90,0
Deformations,
degenerations
16
16
100,0
Incorrect bone structures
20
18
90,0
Appearance of an addi-
tional bone
10
8
80,0
Total
78
70
89,7
Source: own development
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