Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Top 10 Historical
Figures
!
Chief Cunhambebe
The ferocious giant chief
of the Tamoio, who almost
defeated the Portuguese.
@
Gaspar de Lemos
The first European to see
Rio was also present when
Alvarez Cabral “discovered”
Brazil in 1500.
£
Nicholas de
Villegagnon
The Frenchman responsible
for claiming an island in
Guanabara Bay and forging
alliances with the Tamoio.
President Kubitschek on the cover of Time
*
Brazil Becomes a
$
Mem de Sá
One of Portugal's most
ruthless and effective
generals, Mem de Sá founded
Rio along with his 17-year-old
nephew, Estácio, in 1565.
%
João VI of Portugal
Republic
The republican movement of
1870 was provoked by general
discontent over high taxes and
the movement toward the aboli-
tion of slavery. On November
15, 1889, Emperor Dom Pedro II
was overthrown and the republic
was proclaimed by Marechal
Deodoro da Fonseca.
(
The Capital Moves from
This Regent fled Portugal in
1808, founded imperial Brazil,
and later became King João VI.
^
Emperor Dom Pedro I
Son of João VI, declarer of
independence, and the first
Emperor of free Brazil.
&
Emperor Dom Pedro II
Rio to Brasilia
Rio de Janeiro was the capital of
Brazil until 1960, when it was
replaced by Brasilia. This change
was overseen by President
Juscelino Kubitschek and three
Modernist architects, Lúcio
Costa, Oscar Niemeyer
(see
p68),
and Roberto Burle Marx.
)
Rio Hosts the World
Pedro I's son, who helped
abolish slavery and oversaw
the start of industrialization.
*
Marechal Deodoro
da Fonseca
The soldier who overthrew
Pedro II declared Brazil a
republic in 1889 and became
its first president.
(
Getúlio Vargas
Environmental Summit
On June 3, 1992, Rio hosted the
Earth Summit - the first and
largest global conference of its
kind on the environment. It
provided an impetus for Brazil to
review its own environmental
record, leading to great change
in the way that the national
economy was run.
President from 1930 to
1945 and again from 1951 to
his suicide in 1954. He copied
the fascist politics of Europe.
)
Juscelino Kubitschek
Promising 50 years of
progress in five, this president
oversaw economic growth but
finally bankrupted Brazil.
31
Gaspar de Lemos mistook Guanabara Bay for the mouth of a
river and named the city the January River - Rio de Janeiro.
