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Trema
Celtis
Humulus
Ficus
Morus
Boehmaria
Pilea
Zelkova
Sheperdia
Elaeagnus
Barbeya
Ceanothus
Trevoa
Rhamnus
Photinia
Prunus
Kerria
Spiraea
Juglans
Carya
Myrica
Betula
Alnus
Casuarina
Quercus
Chrysolepis
Fagus
Cucurbita
Cucumis
Datisca
Begionia
Coriaria
Corynocarpus
Pisum
Albizia
Bauhinia
Polygala
Securidaca
Stylobasium
Rosales
Fagales
Cucurbitales
Fabales
Figure 3.1 The nitrogen-fixing part of the Eurosid I clade, after Soltis et al. (2000). Actinorhizal genera
in bold type. Legumes in box with dashed outline.
Chamaecrista fasciculata is represented. This is in a branched group evolving about
54.5 Ma and including genera shown in Fig. 1.3 (p. 6) under Cassiinae and some
Caesalpineae. These groups also include non-nodulating genera. It is simpler at present
to infer a single nodulating event in this group, but when there is better resolution,
it may well emerge that there are two, one each in the Cassiinae and Caesalpinieae,
as suggested by Doyle and Luckow (2003), who also linked one of these nodulating
events to the mimosoid lineage. Bruneau et al. (2008) carried out a detailed analysis of
Caesalpinioideae, with some species of other sub-families being included. Molecular
and morphological characteristics were included and, like Lavin et al. (2005), legume
fossils were used to put data into a possible time frame. However, they excluded some
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