Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 2.11 Integricorpus rigidis
, a
triprojectate (
Aquilapollenites
) pollen
from the Campanian (Cretaceous) of
Montana. From Farabee 1990. Used
with permission from Elsevier Science
Publishers, Amsterdam.
Figure 2.12 Trudopollis variabilis
, a
Normapolles-type pollen from the
Campanian (Cretaceous) of Tennessee.
From Tschudy 1975.
present position around Houston and New Orleans and along the Atlantic
coast, and it fl uctuated with the waxing and waning of glaciers. On a fi ner
time scale, the coastlines have shifted with El Niños (refl ected in present-
day fl ooding from California to the southwest, drier in the southeast), and
with the increase in hurricane numbers and intensity during periods of
global warmth. The current trend toward rapidly melting glaciers, together
with a slight additive effect from the thermal expansion of ocean waters,
gives every indication that temperatures will rise by about 4°C and sea level
will rise at least 0.18-0.59 m, and possibly as much as 1.4 m, by 2100
(IPCC 2007; “From Words to Action,” 2007). In addition to the devastat-
ing and highly publicized effects of hurricane Katrina on the Gulf Coast of
