Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.1.
(
continued)
System
Interval
Middle Eocene-
early Miocene
Middle Miocene-
Pliocene
Cretaceous
Paleocene-early Eocene
F
E:
Equisetum,
ferns
EV add grasses, sedges,
Typha, Sparganium, Decodon
EM
EM
A
EV:
Azolla, Isöetes, Marselia,
Salvinia, Ceratophyllum,
Cabombaceae, Dorfi ella
(e), Haloragidaceae,
Nelumbonaceae,
Nymphaeaceae,
Trapago
EM: add
Porosia
(e),
Poaceae,
Limnobiophyllum
(e: Lemnaceae)
EM add
Pachria,
Ceratopteris
EM
LR
EV: north, notophyllous
broad-leaved evergreen forest,
mixed with polar deciduous
forest elements to form
boreotropical forest; toward
south, paratropical rain forest,
tropical forest
EM (re structure, ecology,
habitat, composition), esp.
equatorial America
EM
EM
LM
EV: polar broad-leaved
deciduous forest (main part
of LM in north;
Nothofagus
in
south)
EM (LM, more toward south,
Latin America, beyond
north deciduous forest;
depending on topographic
EM
EM (most Asian
components, thermophilous
taxa from north gone by
Pliocene, 8 Ma)
