Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Brain Infarction - Adhesion Molecules - page 467

Diabetes Non-diabetes

Fig. 2 Adjusted odds ratio for the association between sICAM-1 levels and SBI for diabetes and
non-diabetes separately. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was additionally adjusted
for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine,
intima-media thickness, medication use: aspirin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, angiotensin-
converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Cutof
for quartiles in diabetes: 1st, < 186.6 μg/L; 2nd, 186.6-232.7 μg/L; 3rd, 232.8-280.1 μg/L; 4th, >
280.1 μg/L. Cutof for quartiles in non-diabetes: 1st, < 161.4 μg/L; 2nd, 161.4-195.6 μg/L; 3rd,
195.7-237.4 μg/L; 4th, > 237.4 μg/L, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 for comparison with i rst quartile.

and thrombomodulin were signii cantly higher in patients with isolated lacunar
infarction and those with ischemic leukoaraiosis than in the controls. h ey also
found that ICAM-1 levels were particularly high in patients with isolated lacunar
infarction; and thrombomodulin levels were particularly high in patients with
ischemic leukoaraiosis (Fig. 3) . In contrast, tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels
were higher only in the patients with isolated lacunar infarction, and there was
no signii cant dif erence in tissue factor levels among the groups. h ese i ndings
provide evidence of systemic endothelial activation in patients with lacunar
infarction, and of dif erent patterns of markers of endothelial dysfunction between
patients with isolated lacunar infarction and those with ischemic leukoaraiosis.
Furthermore a in 6 yr longitudinal study on WMLs, Markus et al. (2005) reported
that sICAM-1 was a useful marker for monitoring disease progression.
Recently, several studies have been carried out on the prediction of ischemic
stroke using inl ammatory biomarkers. Tanne et al. (2002) indicated that elevated
concentrations of sICAM-1 were associated with increased risk of ischemic
stroke independent of other traditional cerebrovascular risk factors in a 8.2 yr
prospective case control study. Further, a 3 yr longitudinal observational study on
type 2 diabetic patients found that high sICAM-1 levels were an independent risk
factor for SBI progression and endothelial dysfunction was a predictive factor for