Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Smoking
Macrophage
Inflammatory
cytokines
(TNF-
a)
Platelet
Endothelial cell
PKC activation
PKC activation
NF-k
≠ Intracellular
Calcium
MAPK activation
B
upregulation
PECAM-1
P-selectin
ICAM-1
VCAM-1
E-selectin
Leukocyte adhesion
Transendothelial migration
Soluble
adhesion
molecules
(biomarkers)
Inflammatory
injury
Fig. 2
Simplii ed cascade triggered by cigaret e smoke leading to abnormal soluble adhesion
molecule expression and inl ammatory injury.
