Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
hr
Fig. 2
Trichrome staining of sections of rat lung exposed to 4 ATA for 6 or 24 hr followed by
rapid decompression. Lung tissue from sham-treated (rats held in chamber (1ATA) without
pressure and no decompression) at 6 hr (A) and 24 hr (C) at er removal from chamber. Lung
tissue sections from rats exposed to 4 ATA sacrii ced at 6 hr (B) and 24 hr (D) post-decompression.
M = macrophage.
THE ROLE OF ADENOSINE AND ADENOSINE
A
2A
RECEPTOR (A
2A
R) IN RESTORING HOMEOSTASIS
TO INJURY TISSUE SITES
Adenosine minimizes I/R injury in lungs, heart, liver, and kidney in addition to
its anti-inl ammatory ef ects (Cronstein
et al.
1990, Chiang 2006, Ellman
et al.
2008, Kinsey and Osukka 2008). Activation of the A
2A
R modulates inl ammation
by downregulating production of inl ammatory cytokines (Cronstein
et al.
1992,
Wessler 1996, Ohta and Sitkovsky 2001, Sullivan 2003, Reece
et al.
2005, h iel
et al.
2005, Lynge and Hellsten 2009). In a rabbit lung transplant model, Gazoni
et al
. (2008) found that activation of A
2A
R protected rabbits against lung I/R injury
when administered before ischemia and during reperfusion. Similarly, A
2A
R
activation reduced infarct size in isolated perfused murine hearts by inhibiting
