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network conversely controls the behavior of each nerve cell. The way of
understanding new knowledge is like this. From the viewpoint that the course of
information processing is dynamically changing, “prevalence” and the nervous
system are in essence the same. The research on complexity can not adopt the
existing element-based reduction method, in which each thing is divided into its
constituent elements for analyzing and researching. The complex thing can only
be understood as a whole.
C. G. Langton in the non-linear research group of Santa Fe Institute in USA,
proposes the concept of artificial life in 1987(Langton, 1989). The position of
artificial life as an independent research field has been admitted by the
international academia. The international journal Artificial Life, which started
publication in 1994 with the MIT Press as its publisher, is the authoritative
publication in this field. The following are the brief comments of the
international academic workshops and conferences held by the academia of
artificial life:
(1) “Artificial Life: The Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and
Simulation of Living Systems”. This workshop was held in Los Alamos, New
Mexico, USA in September 1987. There are totally 24 papers in the
proceedings of this workshop, the content of which mainly includes: theories
of artificial life research, simulation of life phenomena, cellular automata
(CA), genetic algorithm, and evolution simulation. Langton published the
paper entitled “Artificial Life”, in which he proposed the concept of artificial
life and discussed the meaning of its existence as an emerging research field
or discipline. Langton is recognized as the founder of artificial life research.
This workshop symbolizes the birth of the artificial life research field.
(2) “Artificial Life II: The 2nd Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and
Simulation of Living Systems”. This workshop was held in Santa Fe, New
Mexico, USA in February 1990. There are totally 31 papers in the paper
collection of this workshop, the content of which can be divided into 8 parts
including the overview, self-organization, evolution dynamics, development,
learning and evolution, computing, philosophy and emergence, and the future.
In this collection, Langton's “Life at the Edge of Chaos”, and John Koza's
“Genetic Evolution and Co-evolution of Computer Programs” are classic
papers.
(3) “Artificial Life III: The 3rd Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Synthesis and
Simulation of Living Systems”. This workshop was held in Santa Fe, New
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