Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Knowledge has some structure in nature. Experts adapt semantic memory
in their fulfill some tasks to store information involved in problem solving.
This kind of information memory methods has the following advantages:
(1) facilitate the information retrieval;
(2) organize the content easily into the tree-like level or network;
(3) confine the effects of knowledge change to a part and make it easy for
information management;
(4) facilitate to the sharing of knowledge.
In Schank's dynamic memory theory(Schank,1982), knowledge is stored in
structures of the following four types: Memory Organization Packet (MOP),
Scene, Script, and Thematic Organization Packet (TOP). A MOP can contain
some scenes, while each scene can contain many scripts. Meanwhile,
Meta-MOPs may be contained in upper levels of MOP. Those structures form
a network according to some predefined organizational principles, and can be
searched by indices.
5.4.1
Semantic Memory Unit
Semantic Memory Unit (SMU) refers to those concepts, modes, and themes
that are involved in the courses of knowledge's study, analysis, understanding,
and memory, and the conceptual knowledge acquired in the courses. In other
words, SMUs are acquired by the system through “calculation” to elicit the
factors that reflect the characteristics of knowledge and that are well
organized to linked knowledge together.
The knowledge in our memory is a real memory and serves for the future
use well only when it is constructed on the basis of processing to some degree.
SUM is not only the generation of a certain respect of concrete problem and
concrete knowledge, but the essential understanding of them. Using SMUs as
centers, those concrete knowledge and concrete problems can be linked in a
well-organized manner in terms of the relationship between SMUs.
A critical question arises here: which factors of knowledge should be
chosen as SMUs? Each kind of knowledge has its one's own inherent
characteristics, and the choice tactics vary according to the characteristics of
knowledge. As for some new knowledge, we generally regard concepts
contained in the knowledge as primary memory targets. As the knowledge
