Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1072-1101
Sicily's brightest period in history ensues under Roger I, with a cosmopolitan and multicultural
court. Many significant palaces and churches are built during this time.
1130-1154
Roger II builds one of the most efficient civil services in Europe. His court is responsible for the cre-
ation of the first written legal code in Sicilian history.
1145
El Idrisi's planisphere (a large, silver global map) - an important medieval geographical work that ac-
curately maps Europe, North Africa and western Asia - is completed for Roger II.
1154-91
William I inherits the kingdom, triggering a power struggle between church and throne. Walter of the
Mill is appointed Palermo's archbishop. The great cathedrals of Monreale and Palermo are built.
1198-1250
Under Frederick I, Palermo is considered Europe's most important city and Sicily is a key player in
Europe. But Frederick imposes heavy taxes and restrictions on free trade.
1266-82
Charles of Anjou is crowned king in 1266, leading to a brief and unpopular period of French rule,
characterised by high taxes and transfer of land ownership to the Angevin aristocracy.
1282
The Sicilian Vespers, a violent uprising in Palermo, sparks countrywide revolt against the Angevin
troops. Peter of Aragon rushes in to fill the vacuum, initiating 500 years of Spanish rule.
1487
The end of religious tolerance is cemented by the expulsion of Jews from all Spanish territories. The
Spanish Inquisition terrorises Sicily with nearly three centuries of imprisonment, torture and
killings.
1669
The worst eruption in Etna's history levels Catania and the east-coast towns. It's preceded by a three-
day earthquake. The eruption lasts four months, flooding the city with rivers of lava.
1693
A devastating earthquake and associated tsunamis destroy dozens of communities in southeastern
Sicily, leading to the eventual reconstruction of Noto, Ragusa, Modica and several other cities in
baroque style.
