Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
ψ
A
ψ
Β
k
ψ
A
ψ
Β
k
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
20.0
10.0
50.0
10.0
5.0
3.0
1.0
50.0
10.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
100.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
100.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
5.0
0.9
4.0
2.0
3.0
10.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
2.0
0.7
3.0
3.0
0.4
2.0
2.0
0.3
0.3
1.5
0.6
0.2
0.2
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.1
1.0
0
0
0.5
0
0
(a) Braced frames
(b) Unbraced frames
Figure 11.3
Effective length factors.
ratio of
(
EI
/
) of compression members to
(
EI/
) of
flexural members in a plane at one end of a compression member.
k
effective length factor.
