Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Atmospheric Water
Clouds
Clouds
Evapotranspiration
(from plants and
inland waters)
Precipitation
Evaporation
from the
Ocean
Water
Distribution
Water
Processing
City
Surface
Water Supply
POTW
Wasterwater
Collection
River
City
Indirect
Municipal Reuse
Wastewater
Treatment
Water
Processing
Water-Based
Recreation
(indirect reuse)
City
Lake
Disposal
Estuary
Ocean
Figure 2.3
Urban or integrated water cycle.
Note:
Indirect water reuse
has been defined as potable reuse by incorpora-
tion of reclaimed wastewater into a raw water supply; the wastewater
effluent is discharged to the water source, where it mixes with the source
water and is assimilated with it, with the intent of reusing the water
instead of as a means of disposal (Tchobanoglous, 1991, pp. 1139-1140).
This type of potable reuse is becoming more common as water resources
become less plentiful.
