Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
(h) Research funding;
(i) Joint ventures;
(j) Joint ownership of relevant intellectual property rights.
2. Non-monetary benefits may include, but not be limited to:
(a) Sharing of research and development results;
(b) Collaboration, cooperation and contribution in scientific research and
development programmes, particularly biotechnological research activities,
where possible in the Party providing genetic resources;
(c) Participation in product development;
(d) Collaboration, cooperation and contribution in education and training;
(e) Admittance to ex situ facilities of genetic resources and to databases;
(f) Transfer to the provider of the genetic resources of knowledge and technol-
ogy under fair and most favourable terms, including on concessional and
preferential terms where agreed, in particular, knowledge and technology
that make use of genetic resources, including biotechnology, or that are rel-
evant to the conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity;
(g) Strengthening capacities for technology transfer;
(h) Institutional capacity-building;
(i) Human and material resources to strengthen the capacities for the adminis-
tration and enforcement of access regulations;
(j) Training related to genetic resources with the full participation of countries
providing genetic resources, and where possible, in such countries;
(k) Access to scientific information relevant to conservation and sustainable
use of biological diversity, including biological inventories and taxonomic
studies;
(l) Contributions to the local economy;
(m) Research directed towards priority needs, such as health and food security,
taking into account domestic uses of genetic resources in the Party provid-
ing genetic resources;
(n) Institutional and professional relationships that can arise from an access
and benefit-sharing agreement and subsequent collaborative activities;
(o) Food and livelihood security benefits;
(p) Social recognition;
(q) Joint ownership of relevant intellectual property rights.
Not all of these benefits would be appropriate for benefit sharing in scientific
research involving human participants, but the list gives a good idea of the diverse
possibilities for the sharing of benefits, far beyond profit sharing.
Since the Nagoya Protocol excludes human genetic resources, there may be
other more appropriate mechanisms for sharing the benefits of scientific research
What is important overall is that research participants who currently derive few or
no benefits from scientific research should receive fair benefits for their contribution
to research. This is a prerogative of justice in exchange. Benefit sharing then requires
