Sharing Traditional Knowledge: Who benefits? Cases from India, Nigeria, Mexico and South Africa - Benefit Sharing - page 89

challenged. In the San case, the international market was flooded with Hoodia
products of dubious quality, which ignored the existing benefit-sharing agreement
and almost led to the disappearance of wild Hoodia in the Kalahari.
Given all these challenges after 20 years of legal regulation, it does not come
as a surprise that benefit sharing for access to human genetic resources, which
does not benefit from a binding international convention, is at least as difficult to
secure, as we shall see in the next chapter.
References
Abutu A (2010) Sufferers urge progress on sickle cell drug Nicosan. SciDev.Net, 30 July.
http://www.scidev.net/en/news/sufferers-urge-progress-on-sickle-cell-drug-nicosan.html
Barnett A (2001) In Africa the Hoodia cactus keeps men alive. Now its secret is 'stolen' to make
us thin. The Observer, 17 June. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/jun/17/internationaled
ucationnews.businessofresearch
Berlin B, Berlin EA (2002) Comment, in R. Nigh, Maya medicine in the biological gaze:
Bioprospecting research as herbal fetishism. Curr Anthropol 43(3):466-467
Berlin B, Berlin EA (2003) NGOs and the process of prior informed consent in bioprospecting
research: The Maya ICBG project in Chiapas, Mexico. Int Soc Sci J 55(178):629-638. htt
p://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?req = 2&mt = 100&mt_p = %3C&by = 2&sc1 = 1&
look = default&sc2 = 1&lin = 1&mode = e&futf8 = 1&gp = 1&text = Maya + ICBG + Mexico&t
ext_p = inc
Berlin B, Berlin EA (2004) Community autonomy and the Maya ICBG Project in Chiapas,
Mexico: How a bioprospecting project that should have succeeded failed. Human Organ
63(4):472-486. http://www.cbd.int/doc/articles/2004/A-00278.pdf
Berlin B, Berlin EA, Ugalde JCF, Barrios LG, Puett D, Nash R, Gonzalez-Espinoza M
(1999) The Maya ICBG: Drug discovery, medical ethnobiology, and alternative forms
of economic development in the highland Maya region of Chiapas, Mexico. Pharm Biol
37(Suppl):127-144
Bonn Guidelines (2002) The Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of their Utilization. Secretariat of the Convention
on Biological Diversity, Quebec. http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-bonn-gdls-en.pdf
CBD (1992) Convention on Biological Diversity. http://www.cbd.int/convention/text
CBD (2010) Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
http://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-en.pdf
Chaturvedi S (2007) Kani case: A report for GenBenefit. http://www.uclan.ac.uk/schools/
school_of_health/research_projects/iles/health_genbeneift_kani_case.pdf
CITES (2004) Amendments to Appendices I and II of CITES. Proposal to the thirteenth meeting
of the Conference of the Parties. Bangkok, Thailand, 2-14 Oct 2004
Correia C (2001) Traditional knowledge and intellectual property. Discussion paper, Quaker
United Nations Office, Geneva
Dutfield G (2004) Intellectual property, biogenetic resources and traditional knowledge.
Earthscan, London
Effiong CE (1982) Sickle cell disease in childhood. In: Fleming AF (ed) Sickle cell disease: a
handbook for general clinicians. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 57-72
Federal Ministry of Information 2012 (2012) NIPRD to produce sickle cell drugs soon after trade mark
legal tussle. http://fmi.gov.ng/niprd-to-produce-sickle-cell-drugs-soon-after-trade-mark-legal-tussle/
Feinholz-Klip D, Garcia Barrios L, Cook Lucas J (2009) The limitations of good intent:
Problems of representation and informed consent in the Maya ICBG project in Chiapas,