Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
4. Reduce slipperiness of seed coat
a. Drying or wiping with a soft cloth or paper [
Matricaria
(Asteraceae);
Malus
(Rosaceae);
Citrus
(Rutaceae);
Citrullus
(Cucurbitaceae)].
b. Use of a mucus hardening solution such as aluminum potassium sulfate [AlK(S0
4
)
2
.
12H
2
0], lead
acetate [Pb(C
2
H
3
0
2
).3H
2
0], or potassium aluminum sulfate hydroxide [KAl
3
(S0
4
)
2
(OH)
6
]. After
treatment, the seed sample should be neutralized with a buffering solution such as 9.078 g of
potassium phosphate (KH
2
PO
4
) or 11.876 g of sodium phosphate (NA
2
HPO
2
.
2H
2
0) dissolved in
1000 ml of water, then rinsed with water [
Melissa
(Lamiaceae);
Linum
(Linaceae);
Lepidium
and
Eruca
(Brassicaceae);
Helipterum
(Asteraceae)].
5. Puncture, cut or tear through seed coat
a. Near the hilum [
Herniaria, Dianthus, Cerastium
(Caryophyllaceae)].
b. Near the center [
Spinacia
(Chenopodiaceae);
Solanum
,
Schizanthus
and
Petunia
(Solanaceae);
Reseda
(Resedaceae)].
c. Near the border of the embryo and the nutritive tissue [
Trisetum, Phleum,
Holcus, Setaria
and
Sporobolus
(Poaceae)].
d. At the distal end [
Dichondra
(Convolvulaceae)]. See illustration.
e. In a non-destructive location [
Brassica, Erysimum, Isatis
and
Lepidium
(Brassicaceae)].
6. Cut seed longitudinally
a. Through seed coat (and into the nutritive tissue, if present) along the entire
length near the midsection [
Anthyllis, Cajanus, Cassia
and
Coronilla
(Fabaceae);
Antirrhinum
(Scrophulariaceae);
Arbutis
(Ericaceae);
Armeria
(Plumbaginaceae);
Astilbe
(Saxifragaceae);
Asperula
(Rubiaceae); and
Calycanthus
(Calycanthaceae)]. See illustration.
b. Through seed coat (and into the nutritive tissue, if present) near the
midsection, including one-half of the circumference [
Dichondra
and
Ipomoea
(Convolvulaceae);
Eruca, Hesperis, Lunaria
and
Raphanus
(Brassicaceae);
Galactia
(Fabaceae); and
Pentas
(Rubiaceae)].
c. Through seed coat (and into the nutritive tissue, if present) near the midsection of the distal half
[
Wisteria, Albizzia, Crotalaria
and
Lens
(Fabaceae);
Aeschynanthus
and
Episcia
(Gesneriaceae);
Alyssum
(Brassicaceae);
Antirrhinum
and
Erinus
(Scrophulariaceae);
Armeria
(Plumbaginaceae);
Jasione
(Campanulaceae); and
Saxifraga
(Saxifragaceae)].
d. Through seed coat (and into the nutritive tissue, if present) near the midsection of the entire cot-
yledon length [
Rhus
(Anacardiaceae);
Onobrychis, Medicago, Trifolium, Lotus
and
Astragalus
(Fabaceae)].
e. Through seed coat (and into the nutritive tissue, if present) near the midsection between the ven-
tral and dorsal boundaries [
Malope
and
Sida
(Malvaceae);
Browallia
and
Physalis
(Solanaceae);
and
Ficus
(Moraceae)].
f. Completely through the midsection of the distal half [most composites (Asteraceae);
Buchloe,
Chloris
and
Cynodon
(Poaceae);
Canna
(Cannaceae);
Catalpa
(Bignoniaceae);
Chaenomeles
(Rosaceae);
Clarkia
(Onagraceae);
Cobaea
(Polemoniaceae);
Crataegus
and
Sorbus
(Rosaceae);
Cuscuta
(Convolvulaceae); and
Martynia
(Martyniaceae)].
g. Completely through the midsection of the distal half and expose the embryo by spreading the
cut surfaces suficiently apart to tear the nutritive tissues that surround the embryo [
Agrostemma
