Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 19.36.
Groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes (Vick, 1983).
Figure 19.37.
Stages in seepage development (Vick, 1983).
estimating seepage from such a storage it is important to remember that seepage will occur
under each of the embankments and depending on the base groundwater levels, into the hill-
sides adjacent to the embankments. Hence, in
Figure 19.32
,
seepage will occur to the west,
north and east but not to the south where natural groundwater levels are higher than the stor-
age. Note that the groundwater does not always mirror the topography and may be affected
by local variations in geology, e.g. permeable dykes.
It is the authors' experience that inexperienced engineers and geologists will either for-
get completely that seepage will occur in all directions from the storage or at least apply
