Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 18.5.
Some chemical grouts and their properties (Brett, 1986).
Grout type
Corrosivity or toxicity
Viscosity
Strength
Silicates
Joosten process
Low
High
High
Siroc
Medium
Medium
Medium/high
Silicate/Bicarbonate
Low
Medium
Low
Lignosulphates
Terra firma
High
Medium
Low
Blox-all
High
Medium
Low
Phenoplasts
Terranier
Medium
Medium
Low
Geoseal
Medium
Low/medium
Low
Rocagil
Medium
Medium
Low
Aminoplasts
Herculon
Medium
Medium
High
Cyanaloc
Medium
Medium
High
Acrylamides
AV-100
High
Low
Low
Rocagil BT
High
Low
Low
Nitto SS
High
Low
Low
Terragel
High
Low
Low
Poly acrylamides
Injectite 80
Low
High
Low
Acrylate
AC-400
Low
Low
Low
Polyurethane
CR-250
High
High
High
CR-260
High
Medium
High
TACSS
High
High
High
where RL
limiting radius of penetration;
w
density of water; g
acceleration due to
gravity; H
hydraulic head; d
effective diameter of the average pore;
s
Bingham
yield stress; r
radius of spherical injection source
1
⁄
2
LD
where L
length of hole,
D
diameter and:
d2
8k
gn
(18.4)
w
where
porosity of soil.
In jointed rock, with a joint aperture of 2a, Lombardi (1985) indicates that the maxi-
mum radius is given by equation 18.5.
This is equivalent to:
grout viscosity in centipoise; k
permeability of soil; n
Ha
s
RL
(18.5)
For Newtonian flow, in uniform isotropic soil from a spherical source, Littlejohn
(1985) indicates that:
Q
4nk
1
r
1
R
1
R
H
(18.6)
