Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 16.2.
Typical kinematically feasible failure modes (BC Hydro, 1995).
Earthquake Loading.
If pseudo static analyses are being carried out, permanent and
operating loads from the Usual Loading case should be considered in conjunction with the
seismic loads of the Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) (D
U
Q
).
The effects of ice should be given special consideration, recognizing the high uncer-
tainty associated with ice loading on earthquake loading and its effects on the structure.
In the above, subscript “BD” refers to the blocked drains case. Subscript “PQ” to the
post-earthquake case and subscript “F” to the flood case.
Temperature induced loads would normally be ignored in this level of analysis,
although they may be significant if analysing stresses in a finite element analysis.
H
S
Q
16.2.3
Kinematically feasible failure models
It is absolutely essential that there be a proper assessment of the geological structure in the
dam foundation and, based on this the kinematically feasible failure modes should be
identified.
Examples of typical, and not so common failure modes are given in Figures 16.2 and
16.3
respectively.
