Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 13.13.
Typical cutoff collar on outlet works conduit (USBR, 1987).
Figure 13.14.
Typical control joint and cutoff collars details (USBR, 1987).
13.5.2
Piping along and above the conduit
(a)
Initiation.
The conduit facilitates the initiation of piping by:
- Causing stress distributions due to the stiff conduit and its surround which lead to
low principal stresses and hydraulic fracture. This is discussed by Sherard et al.
