Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.15.
Dams with rockfill downstream zones which experienced large leakage flows without or
before unravelling (Foster, 1999).
Estimated
flows (m
3
/s)
Dam
Comment
Reference
Alto Anchicaya
1.8
Leakage through upstream concrete
Regalado et al. (1982)
face
Bullileo
8
Piping incident, flow emerging on
Appendix A,
abutment
Foster (1999).
Churchill Falls FF11,
0.1
Piping through central core
Foster and Fell (1999)
Juklavatn Secondary,
Songa and Suorva East
Courtright
1.3
Leakage through upstream concrete
USCOLD (1975)
face
Dix River
85
Dumped rockfill, flood passed
Leps (1973)
through partly completed dam
Guadalupe
4
Leakage through upstream concrete
Marsal (1982)
face
Hell hole
540
Dumped rockfill, dominant rock
Leps (1973)
size of 0.2-0.3 m, toe rocks 1.5-3 m
in size. Unravelling initiated at
540 m
3
/s flow through leading
to breach
Hrinova
0.18
Piping through central core
Verfel (1979)
Martin Gonzalo
1.0
Piping of upstream membrane
Justo (1988)
bedding layer into rockfill zone
Omai Tailings
50
Piping incident, waste water lost
Vick (1996)
through downstream rockfill zone
Salt springs
0.85
Leakage through upstream concrete
USCOLD (1988)
face
Scofield
1.4-5.6
Piping incident
Sherard (1953)
0.07
5
mm
4.7
5
mm
75 mm
100
Fontenelle Dam
Zone 2
90
80
70
Teton Dam
Zone 2
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Particle Size (mm)
CLAY TO SILT
SAND
GRAVEL
Figure 10.47.
Particle size distributions of downstream zones of Teton and Fontenelle Dams (Foster,
1999).
