Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 10.21.
Penetration of concrete beyond the stop-end tube due to overbreak (a) partial elevation;
(b) partial section (Xanthakos, 1979, reproduced with permission of McGraw-Hill).
Figure 10.22.
(a) Single key joint; (b) Double key joint; (c) Water stop joint (Xanthakos, 1979, repro-
duced with permission of McGraw-Hill).
Excavation is carried out by clamshell, scraping bucket or rotary drilling equipment.
Details are given in Section 10.4.6.
The walls may be constructed of conventional concrete and often are for building con-
struction work. For dam applications, concrete is too rigid. As the soil mass surrounding
