Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
QUESTIONS
1. List the 10 most common elements and inorganic compounds found in soil.
2. What are the two nonmetal cations found in soil, and why are they particularly
important?
3. Phosphate is an oxyanion, but it does not move in soil. Explain why it does not
move.
4. All organic compounds are composed of what two elements?
5. Organic molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogen are known by what
general name?
6. Compounds containing benzene rings are of particular concern in the environment.
Give examples of three groups of compounds containing benzene rings. Why are these
groups of particular environmental concern?
7. Draw the structures for four common oxidized functional groups found in organic
compounds. These functional groups result in the compounds containing them having
increased water solubility. Explain how this happens.
8. One group of extremely important biochemical component in soil are enzymes.
What are enzymes and how do they function in soil?
9. Explain how animals change soil and how they can affect sampling plans.
REFERENCES
1. Brady NC, Weil RR. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 12th ed. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999:268-269.
2. Sato M, Sutton AJ, McGee KA, Russell-Robinson S. Monitoring of hydrogen along
the San Andreas and Calaveras Faults in central California in 1980-1984. J Geophys
Res Gas Geochem Volcan Earthquakes Resource Explor Earth Inter 1986; 91:12315-
12326.
3. Virk HS, Walia V, Kumar N. Helium/radon precursory anomalies of Chamoli
Earthquake, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Geodyn 2001; 31:201-210.
4. Poissant L, Casimir A. Water-air and soil-air exchange rate of total gaseous mercury
measured at background sites. Atmosph Environ 1998; 32:883-893.
5. Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, Zech W. Black carbon in soils: The use of
benzenecarboxylic acids as specific markers. Org Geochem 1998; 29:811-819.
6. Sergeev NB, Gray DJ, Scott KM. Gold mass balance in the regolith, Mystery Zone,
Mt. Percy, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Geochem Explor Environ Anal 2001; 1:307-
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