Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CH
3
CH
2
OH
Etnanol
Alcohols
Contains at least one—OH group. Low molecular weight
alcohols are soluble in water, liquids and solids.
CH
3
CH
2
—O—CH
2
CH
3
Diethyl ether
Ethers
Contains at least one R—O—R group. Gases and liquids
insoluble in water and flammable.
Aldehydes
Contains at least one
group, liquids and solids.
Ketones
Contains at least one
group, liquids and solids.
Acids
Contains at least one
group, liquids and
solids.
CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
Ethyl amine
Contains at least one (R)
3
—N group, liquids and solids.
Amines
FIGURE 9.4
Structure of some common multifunctional organic compounds
and hexane.
unlikely. On the other hand, partially oxidized compounds are also possible. Two
examples not naturally found in the environment are 2,3,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4,5-T), an herbicide, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin. The structures of these
compounds are given in Figure 9.5.
A number of abbreviations and acronyms are used in discussing organic compounds in
soil. BTEX and PCB have already been discussed. In addition, all volatile organic
compounds will be grouped together and called VOCs, through this term usually refers to
environmentally hazardous volatile compounds. Compounds that do not dissolve in water
can be called nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Aromatic compounds containing two or
more benzene rings will be referred to as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Other
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